Bouncing To Baiao
Our ongoing series on important artists and styles that have come to "define" the Brazilian sound continues this week with a primer on baiao, as Brazilian Groove celebrates the "Festas Junina" season in Northeast Brazil TONIGHT. You can hear great baiao, along with other Brazilian sounds at the high in Second Life (6-8pm SL).
Popularized across Brazil by the legendary Luiz Gonzaga starting in the 1940s, the baiao is a Northeast Brazilian rhythm that originated with native people in the area but incorporates elements of indigenous, mestizo, African and European music. It has formed the basis for a wide range of musical styles in the region today, including forro, coco and embolada.
The main baiao instrument is called the zabumba (pictured), a flat, double-headed bass drum played with a mallet in one hand and stick in the other, each striking the opposite head of the drum. Other instruments used include flutes and wooden shakers. While the African influence in baiao is seen in the use of the drum and overlapping call and response singing, the European influence includes the sound of polka, mazurka, schottische and quadrille.
Baiao is most associated with the Brazilian state of Pernambuco (where your DJ's mom is from :) ). Despite the relatively small area that confines the music's popularity, many of Brazil's biggest musical acts have and continue to record songs that incorporate this rhythm. In fact, although samba and bossa nova are largely considered the most "national" musics in Brazil, the influence of baiao continues to grow (in part, thanks to a new generation of DJ's that incorporate the sound) and is popular as far south as Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.
The following clip featuring David Byrne (of the Talking Heads) and NYC-based Forro In The Dark nicely captures the sound of baiao today (and in English AND Portuguese too!). The song "Asa Branca" (first performed by Luiz Gonzaga in the 1940s) is widely considered the most popular and influential baiao song ever recorded.





I often receive questions from clubgoers at Brazilian Groove (Wednesdays, 6-8pm (Pacific Standard Time), Mystical Nights) about the artists I play - who they are, what's their "sound", etc. The reality is Brazilian music is so deep and varied (thanks to multiple European/African influences), it can be near impossible to understand how - both stylistically and geographically - the music fits together if you don't have the proper grounding.